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Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Mahuna Food, Fruit
Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst.
Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Mewuk Fiber, Basketry
Rods used in the fine, coiled baskets.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Montana Indian Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Powdered fruit applied as a lotion or dusted on the affected surface in cases of smallpox.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Montana Indian Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Dye, Black
Leaves used to make black dye for baskets and leather.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Dye, Blue
Used to make a blue dye.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Dye, Mordant
Ashes used in setting dyes.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Fiber, Basketry
Split stems used to make baskets.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Fiber, Basketry
Used to make carrying baskets.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Fiber, Sewing Material
Used to sew water bottles.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Beverage
Berries ground, washed, mixed with water and used as a beverage.
Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Beverage
Berries used to make juice.
Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake
Berries used to make cakes.
Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Dried Food
Berries dried for future use.
Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Fruit
Berries boiled with meat.
Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten as they come off the bush.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Fruit
Fruits ground with sugar in a little water and eaten.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Porridge
Berries ground, mixed with flour and sugar and made into a mush.
Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Porridge
Fruits cooked into a gruel with corn meal.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Porridge
Fruits ground into a meal, cooked with cornmeal and eaten as a gruel.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Staple
Berries ground into a flour.
Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Food, Staple
Fruits ground into a meal and eaten.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items
Branch, with eagle down attached, carried by the dancers on the last night of the Mountain Chant.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items
Pollen used in some ceremonies.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items
Twigs used to make a light frame for the bag carried by the Hunchback in the Night Chant.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items
Wood tied with yucca and used to make circle prayersticks.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Containers
Used to make 'bugaboos' to subdue insubordinate children.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Containers
Used to make water bottles.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Decorations
Twigs painted white and used to decorate masks for the Fringe Mouths in the Night Chant.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Small, sharpened stick driven into the reed shaft of an arrow and fastened with sinew.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make bows.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo Other, Sacred Items
Used to make sacred baskets to hold sacred meal for rites.
Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid
Plant used as a lotion for poison ivy dermatitis.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Plant used for bowel troubles.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Kayenta Fiber, Basketry
Used as basket material.
Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic
Leaves chewed for stomachache.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Contraceptive
Decoction of leaves taken to induce impotency, as a means of contraception.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of leaves used for itch and decoction of fruits used to prevent falling hair.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Leaves chewed for stomachache.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid
Decoction of root bark used to facilitate delivery of placenta.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Black
Leaves boiled to dye basketry and wool black.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Basketry
Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Clothing
Small stems used to make sun shades or hats.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Food, Dried Food
Fruit dried for later use, ground and soaked before using.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw, with sugar, sometimes ground and used with other foods, especially roasted corn.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified
Inner bark used for food.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items
Used to make small hoops on cactus prayerstick of Chiricahua Windway.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Other, Containers
Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Navajo, Ramah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Large stems used to make bows.
Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35